VACCINATIONS
The human papilloma virus (HPV) is one of the most common sexually transmitted pathogens. The virus is spread through intimate skin-to-skin contact. HPV infections are so common that nearly all men and women will get at least one type of HPV at some time in their lives.
Most HPV infections are asymptomatic and therefore go unnoticed. In about 90 percent of cases, the infection heals after some time and without consequences. However, the body is not always able to fight off the virus. With persistent infection, some HPV types can cause genital warts, some can develop cancer over time, primarily of the cervix, but also of the anus or penis, and of the mouth and throat.
Vaccination effectively protects against the most dangerous types of HPV and thus reduces the risk of these types of cancer. For the best possible protection, vaccination should be given before the first sexual contact.
HPV infection occurs primarily through sexual contact. The pathogens enter the body via the smallest injuries to the skin or mucous membranes. In rare cases, papillomaviruses can be transmitted by smear infection from objects. Transmission from mother to newborn is also possible during birth.
The Standing Committee on Vaccination (STIKO) has recommended vaccination against HPV for girls since 2007 and for boys since June 2018. Boys and girls should be vaccinated against HPV between the ages of 9 and 14.
At this age, two HPV vaccinations are necessary. The interval between the two vaccinations should be at least 5 months. If the vaccination interval is less than five months, three vaccinations are required.
Missed vaccinations against HPV should be made up for as soon as possible and before the 18th birthday.
For the first vaccination at the age of 15, three vaccinations are necessary.
Depending on the vaccine, the vaccination times are slightly different.
In both cases, the build-up of vaccination protection should be completed after a year if possible.
The exact vaccination dates can be discussed with the doctor at the first vaccination.
Vaccination against HPV is well tolerated and safe. The most common reactions to the vaccine are pain, redness or swelling at the injection site. Headaches, muscle pain, fever, gastrointestinal problems, dizziness and fatigue can also occur. These symptoms are usually short-lived and show that the body is coping with the vaccine. Serious side effects rarely occur. Allergic reactions are possible. In case of intolerance to the active substance or any other component of the vaccine, the vaccine must not be vaccinated.
After vaccination, infection with other types of HPV is possible. Regular screening for cervical cancer is therefore also important for vaccinated women.
Resources:
https://www.impfen-info.de/impfempfehlungen/fuer-jugendliche-12-17-jahre/hpv-humane-papillomaviren/
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